Techniques

Cloisonné enamelling bends and fixes metal wires into cells, fills them with coloured enamel, fires the surface repeatedly, then grinds and finishes it.

Lacquer layering builds a surface through repeated thin coats, controlled curing and polishing rather than one thick glossy application.

Su embroidery is a needlework tradition associated with Suzhou, known for controlled silk stitches, tonal modelling and pictorial surfaces.

Underglaze blue is cobalt decoration painted on a ceramic body, covered with transparent glaze, and fired into the finished surface.